|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
LCA Case Studies
Aquatic Ecotoxicity for Common Crop Protection Aids
ECA-Equivalency Factors for 65 Frequently Used Herbicides and Pesticides
Chris E. Dutilh; Eric Koudijs
Corresponding author:: Chris E. Dutilh, Unilever NL, Postbox 760, 3000 DK Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Crop protection aids, used in the agriculture phase, contribute a great deal to the environmental impact of food products. An adequate inclusion of those substances in life cycle assessment is usually hampered by the lack of relevant equivalency factors. In this paper rough equivalency factors are given for 65 frequently used herbicides and pesticides. Those factors are calculated according to the methodology, originally developed by EPA, which was used by CML in 1992. It is acknowledged that equivalency factors, derived in this way, have a limited value. They only indicate potential impacts, ignoring the fate of such substances. However, as long as better data are lacking, these figures provide a useful approximation. | | Keywords: aquatic ecotoxicity (ECA), crop protection aids, ECA-equivalency factors; aquatic ecotoxicity (ECA), herbicides, ECA-equivalency factors; aquatic ecotoxicity (ECA), pesticides, ECA-equivalency factors; crop protection aids, aquatic ecotoxicity, ECA-quivalency factors; ECA-equivalency factors, crop protection aids; ECA-equivalency factors, herbicides; equivalency factors, ECA, crop protection aids; equivalency factors, ECA, herbicides; equivalency factors, ECA, pesticides; herbicides, aquatic ecotoxicity, ECA-equivalency factors; pesticides, aquatic ecotoxicity, ECA-equivalency factors |
3 LCA (4) 200-202 (1998)
|
|
|
|
