Review Articles (Series): Water Chemistry - Science and Technology

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PREAMBLE

Preface: Fascination Water Chemistry by F.H. FRIMMEL
ESPR – Environ Sci & Pollut Res 10 (1) 57 (2003)

Part I: Integrated water quality management: River basin approach
Geochemical Techniques on Contaminated Sediments: River Basis View by U. FÖRSTNER
ESPR – Environ Sci & Pollut Res 10 (1) 58–68 (2003)

Part II: Diagnosis of water bodies needs reliable and powerful methods
- International Standardization of Water Analysis: Basis for Comparative Assessment of Water Quality by S. SCHMIDT
ESPR – Environ Sci & Pollut Res 10 (3) 183–187 (2003)

- New and Versatile Optical-Immunoassay Instrumentation for Water Monitoring by D. WILLARD, G. PROLL, S. REDER, and G. GAUGLITZ
ESPR – Environ Sci & Pollut Res 10 (3) 188–191 (2003)

Part III: Therapy of aquatic systems when they need help
- Strategies of Maintaining the Natural Purification Potential of Rivers and Lakes by U. OBST
ESPR – Environ Sci & Pollut Res 10 (4) 251–255 (2003)

- Water Technology for Specific Water Usage by F.H. FRIMMEL
ESPR – Environ Sci & Pollut Res 10 (6) 408-413 (2003)

Part IV: Fitness for aquatic systems
Long-term Forecast: Key for Groundwater Protection by J. GERTH and U. FÖRSTNER
ESPR - Environ Sci & Pollut Res 11 (1) 49-56 (2004)

Epilogue: Topics of Water Sciences and Technology by W. CALMANO
ESPR - Environ Sci & Pollut Res 11 (2) 126-133 (2004)

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2003.10.174

Part III: Therapy of Aquatic Systems when they Need Help

Background. Water is the basis for life and culture. In addition to the availability of water its quality has become a major issue in industrialized areas and in developing countries as well. Water usage has to be seen as part of the hydrological cycle. As a consequence water management has to be sustainable. The aim of the contribution is to give water usage oriented quality criteria and to focus on the technical means to achieve them.

Main features. Water is used for many purposes, ranging from drinking and irrigation to a broad variety of technical processes. Most applications need specific hygienic, chemical and/or physical properties.

Results. To meet these demands separation and reaction principles are applied. The reuse of water and the application of water treatment with little or no waste and by-product formation is the way to go. Membrane separation and advanced oxidation including catalytic reactions are promising methods that apply natural processes in sustainable technical performance. Thus elimination of specific water constituents (e.g. salts and metals, microorganisms) and waste water cleaning (e.g. pollutants, nutrients and organic water) can be done efficiently.

Outlook. Learning from nature and helping nature with appropriate technology is a convincing strategy for sustainable water management.